Research progress of the diagnosis and treatment of anterior shoulder instability / 中国修复重建外科杂志

The shoulder joint is the most prone to dislocation in the whole body, and more than 95% of them are anterior dislocation. Improper treatment after the initial dislocation is easy to lead to recurrent anterior dislocation or anterior shoulder instability, and the outcomes following conservative treatment is poor. Anterior shoulder instability can damage the soft tissue structure and bone structure that maintain the stability of shoulder joint, among which bone structure is the most important factor affecting the stability of shoulder joint. Diagnosis should be combined with medical history, physical examination, and auxiliary examination. Currently, three-dimensional CT is the most commonly used auxiliary examination means. However, various bone defect measurement and preoperative evaluation methods based on three-dimensional CT and the glenoid track theory have their own advantages and disadvantages, and there is still a lack of gold standard. Currently, the mainstream treatment methods mainly include Bankart procedure, coracoid process transposition, glenoid reconstruction with free bone graft, Bankart combined with Remplissage procedure, and subscapular tendon binding tamponade, etc. Each of these procedures has its own advantages and disadvantages. For the diagnosis and treatment of anterior shoulder instability, there are still too many unknown, further research and exploration need to be studied.

School and language performance in children born with low birth weight

Abstract Objectives To identify the impact of birth weight on the development of metalinguistic skills and performance in reading, writing, and arithmetic in students aged 6 to 10 years, enrolled from the 1st to the 4th grade of Elementary School in public schools of the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Methods The concurrent cohort included 315 students. Birth weight was the exposure variable, and the outcomes were performance in receptive and expressive language, oral metalinguistic skills, and performance in writing, arithmetic, and reading. The tools employed were the Test of Language Competence (TLC) and the School Performance Test (SPT). Students were grouped into quartiles by birth weight for data analysis (P1: < 2170 g, P2: from 2171 g to 2450 g, P3: from 2451 g to 3150 g, and P4: > 3150 g). Results The authors observed a tendency for the lower performance of the two groups with lower birth weights in listening comprehension and oral expression. The lower-weight group tended to perform poorly compared to the other groups vis-à-vis reading. In the global result of the SPT, worse performance was observed in the students in the first quartile compared to the others (p= 0.019). The multivariate analysis revealed no association between birth weight and results in the tests applied after adjusting for maternal schooling. Conclusions Birth weight can interfere with oral and written language development. However, the determination of these processes occurs in the face of complex interaction that includes sociodemographic factors, especially family support and maternal schooling.

Survey on awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept among front-line workers in the automotive manufacturing industry / 中国职业医学

Objective To investigate the awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of front-line workers in the automobile manufacturing industry. Methods A total of 1 188 front-line workers from 47 automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. The awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of the workers was investigated using the Personal Questionnaire for National Survey of Occupational Health Literacy for Key Populations. Results The median (25th and 75th percentiles) awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept among the research subjects was 56.00% (44.00%, 64.00%). The awareness was higher among male workers than female workers (P<0.05). The awareness was higher among married workers than workers with other marital status (P<0.05). The awareness of workers with an education level of middle school or below was lower than those in the senior high school and junior college group and bachelor's degree or above group (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers in the group with personal monthly income <5 000 was lower than that in the other two income groups with personal monthly income ≥5 000 (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers in medium and large enterprises was higher than that of workers in small and micro enterprises (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers in foreign-funded enterprises was higher than that in private enterprises and other enterprises (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers with job tenure >5-10 and >10 years was higher than that in workers with job tenure of 1-≤5 years (P<0.05). The awareness for the 25 items of occupational health knowledge and concept among the research subjects ranged from 6.14% to 96.72%, with an average awareness of 54.46% for the 25 items. Conclusion The awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of front-line workers in automobile manufacturing industry is not high in general, and it is influenced by gender, marriage status, education level, personal monthly income, enterprise nature and scale, and job tenure.

CIRCUITS, WAVES, AND PIPES-A BIOPHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE FOR IMPARTING CONCEPTS IN CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY PHYSIOLOGY TO UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS

Imparting concepts in ?ow dynamics of cardiovascular and respiratory physiology can be intimidating to the beginners in medical schools. We have tried to simplify the approach in effective transfer of these concepts using biophysical concepts and principles pertaining to functioning of these systems which help in easy understanding of the two vital systems in human body. Beginners in medical education ?nd it easy to relate to these concepts.

Sports improve the indexes cardiovascular physiological effects / Esportes levando à melhoria dos índices de efeitos fisiológicos cardiovasculares / Deportes llevando a la mejoría de los índices de efectos fisiológicos cardiovasculares

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular function is one of the main factors affecting health. The influence of different exercise intensities on cardiovascular function needs further research. Objective: To study the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Method: The article conducted a follow-up survey of 1,564 older adults. Elders who practice sports and those who do not went through the hemodynamic index test, which analyzed the relevant effects of physical exercise on their cardiovascular function. Results: Older adults who exercise regularly show good adaptability to exercise. Conclusion: Physical exercise can promote the function of the cardiovascular system. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: A função cardiovascular é um dos principais fatores que afetam a saúde. A influência da atividade física com diferentes intensidades na função cardiovascular precisa ser pesquisada mais a fundo. Objetivo: Estudar a relação entre atividade física e enfermidades cardiovasculares em idosos. Método: Este artigo realizou um questionário de acompanhamento com 1.564 idosos. Os idosos que praticam atividades físicas e aqueles que não o fazem passaram por testes de índices hemodinâmicos, que analisaram quais foram os efeitos relevantes da atividade física sobre sua função cardiovascular. Resultados: Idosos que praticam atividades físicas regularmente demonstraram boa adaptabilidade à atividade física. Conclusão: A atividade física pode ser benéfica para o funcionamento do sistema cardiovascular. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação do resultado de tratamentos.

RESUMEN Introducción: La función cardiovascular es uno de los principales factores que afectan a la salud. La influencia de la actividad física con diferentes intensidades en la función cardiovascular necesita ser investigada más a fondo. Objetivo: Estudiar la relación entre actividad física y enfermedades cardiovasculares en ancianos. Método: Este artículo realizó un cuestionario de acompañamiento con 1.564 ancianos. Los ancianos que practicaban actividades físicas y aquellos que no lo hacen pasaron por pruebas de índices hemodinámicos, que analizaron cuáles fueron los efectos relevantes de la actividad física sobre su función cardiovascular. Resultados: Ancianos que practican actividades físicas regularmente demostraron buena adaptabilidad a la actividad física. Conclusión: La actividad física puede ser benéfica para el funcionamiento del sistema cardiovascular. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación del resultado de tratamientos.

Necesidad de superación en modelos matemáticos de epidemiología / Need for improvement in mathematical models of epidemiology

RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, se formulan modelos matemáticos, pero no están contemplados para la superación de posgrado ni en pregrado. Aunque los modelos idealizan la realidad, permiten, de manera sencilla, hacer predicciones sobre el comportamiento futuro de una enfermedad y tomar las medidas necesarias. Objetivo: Identificar necesidad de superación en modelos matemáticos de epidemiología. Métodos: Se utilizó un modelo estocástico presente en el paquete EpiModel del programa R. Se simularon tres situaciones diferentes, la primera con violaciones del distanciamiento y la higiene general, la segunda con mejoras en estos dos aspectos, más la inmunidad lograda al 70 % de la población por vacunación y la tercera con mejoras notables en higiene y distanciamiento junto a la vacunación. Se calculó, además, el comportamiento del número reproductivo con el paquete earlyR a partir de la incidencia. Resultados: Se valoró como las trayectorias con los modelos estocásticos tienen más variabilidad y como la reducción de contactos aplana la curva. Se evaluó la dispersión de la epidemia en situaciones de violaciones de la prevención y en otras donde hay prevención y además vacunación. La línea roja de cada modelo varía según las circunstancias, claramente en los casos de violaciones de distanciamiento e higiene esta curva se amplia y se aplana en el caso contrario. Conclusiones: Se identificaron suficientes evidencias sobre el uso y la necesidad de modelos matemáticos para apoyar la toma de decisiones en la epidemiología, se identificó la necesidad de superación en posgrado sobre la teoría de epidemias, que puede extenderse a pregrado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba mathematical models are formulated, but they are not contemplated for passing graduate or undergraduate degrees. Objective: To identify the need to work with mathematical simulations. Methods: A stochastic model present in the EpiModel package of the R program was used. Three different situations were simulated, the first with violations of distancing and general hygiene, the second with improvements in these two aspects, plus the immunity achieved to 70% of the population by vaccination and the third with notable improvements in hygiene and distancing together with vaccination. The behavior of the reproductive number with the early R package was also calculated from the incidence. Results: It is assessed how the trajectories with the stochastic models have more variability and how the reduction of contacts flattens the curve. The spread of the epidemic is valued in situations of prevention violations and in others where there is prevention and also vaccination. Conclusions: Sufficient evidence is presented on the use and need of mathematical models to support decision-making in epidemiology, the need to improve the theory of epidemics in graduate school is identified, which can be extended to undergraduate.

Como o ser se move a outro ser / How the being moves to another being / Como se mueve el ser a otro ser

RESUMO Este trabalho visa, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre cosmos na literatura do Psicodrama, propor uma articulação teórica do conceito de cosmos encontrado com conceitos encontrados no livro de Max Scheler, A posição do homem no cosmos. Espera-se com este escrito ampliar a discussão e reflexão sobre o tema.

ABSTRACT Through a bibliographic review of cosmos in the Psychodrama literature, this work aims to propose a theoretical articulation of the concept of cosmos found with ideas found in Max Scheler's book, The Position of man in the cosmos. I hope this writing will broaden the discussion and reflection on the subject.

RESUMEN Este trabajo pretende, a través de una revisión bibliográfica sobre el cosmos en la literatura del Psicodrama, proponer una articulación teórica del concepto de cosmos encontrado con conceptos encontrados en el libro de Max Scheler, The Position del hombre en el cosmos. Se espera con este escrito ampliar la discusión y reflexión sobre el tema.

Automated Framework and Visualization-based Analysis of Concept Evolution of Spleen and Stomach Diseases and Syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo collect and screen records concerning the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes in ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） using an automated framework and to systematically explore the concept evolution of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes using the visualization method. MethodA total of 1 224 kinds of ancient book data in the Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine Database （V2.1） were analyzed using the automated testing tool Selenium WebDriver with the Python 3.8 programming language and the etree library of Lxml for automatic collection and statistics of the "book title" "author" "classification" "dynasty" "completion time"， and "informative abstract". After being checked and collated， the collected data were visually analyzed with Tableau （V2020.1.3） for figuring out the concept evolution of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes in the past dynasties from the perspectives of symptoms and signs， etiology and pathogenesis， principle-method-recipe-medicinal， and prognosis. ResultA total of 7 203 clauses were automatically collected from 989 ancient books. It was found that in the pre-Qin period， there were few ancient books related to the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes， and the understandings were confined to the superficial symptoms or signs and the basic etiology and pathogenesis. From the Han to Sui and Tang dynasties， the related concepts gradually increased and the descriptions about the manifestations are more detailed than those in previous dynasties. The etiology， diagnosis， and treatment system of the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes were further perfected. In the Song， Jin， and Yuan dynasties， such concepts as independent signs，symptoms， as well as nature and location of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes were enriched. In the Ming and Qing dynasties， a TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment system for spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes was formed， and the related concepts were gradually simplified and unified. ConclusionThe concepts of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes have undergone an evolution from simplicity to complexity and then back to simplicity. There are numerous ancient books discussing the concepts of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes， exhibiting a fluctuating yet rising trend with time. The automated framework enables the construction of a lightweight database of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes. Based on data visualization， the concept evolution of the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes from ancient times to the present has been efficiently uncovered， which is conducive to tracing the origin and development of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes in TCM. This has provided reference for related research of spleen and stomach diseases in modern Chinese medicine.

Sueño: conceptos generales y su relación con la calidad de vida / Sleep: general concepts and their relationship with quality of life

El desarrollo de la medicina del sueño ha experimentado notables avances por contribuciones provenientes tanto de las ciencias básicas como de los estudios clínicos, destacando una relación positiva entre la preservación de un sueño normal y un amplio espectro de beneficios en diferentes indicadores de salud individual y de la población. Un adecuado conocimiento de los postulados y mecanismos fisiológicos del sueño actualmente más aceptados a escala molecular, celular y sistémica, permiten desarrollar conceptos objetivos que otorgan mayor solidez a la evaluación del sueño. La etapificación del sueño, su arquitectura, variables de continuidad del mismo, asícomo el índice de microdespertares, entre otros, tienen una aplicación clínica directa: se pueden describir y utilizar rangos normales de parámetros polisomnográficos con sus características a lo largo de la edad, y variantes cronotípicas individuales. De este modo, se espera seguir avanzando tanto en el temprano y correcto diagnóstico como en una mejor toma de decisiones médicas.Muy probablemente, debido a la función integradora del sueño, es que este juega un rol tan crucial en la salud, avalado por un cuerpo de evidencia que muestra un importante impacto beneficioso de un sueño sano en la calidad de vida, morbilidad y la prevención primaria de enfermedades muy variadas

The development of sleep medicine has experienced notable advances due to contributions from both basic science and clinical studies, highlighting a positive relationship between the preservation of normal sleep and a wide spectrum of benefits in different indicators of individual and population health.An adequate knowledge of the currently more accepted physiological postulates and mechanisms of sleep, on a molecular, cellular and systemic scale, allows the development of objective concepts that give greater solidity to sleep assessment. Sleep staging, architecture, and continuity variables such as the microarousal index, among others, have direct clinical applications: normal ranges of polysomnographic parameters can be described and used with their characteristics throughout age and individual chronotype variants. In this way, it is further advances are expected both in early and correct diagnosis and in better medical treatments.Evidence supports the crucial role sleep plays in overall health. Most likely due to its integrative function, healthy sleep has an important beneficial impact on quality of life, morbidity and primary prevention of a wide variety of diseases

EL número de casos confirmados de la covid-19 en Ecuador identificados por provincia de atención, se ajustan a la distribución de Ea ley de newcomb-benford / The number of confirmed cases of covid-19 in ecuador, identified by province of attention, complies with the distribution of the newcomb-benford law

Introducción: Los datos epidemiológicos de la COVID-19 de China, Estados Unidos, Korea del Sur, Inglaterra, España, Italia, Alemania, Holanda y Suecia se ajustan a la distribución de la Ley de Newcomb-Benford, lo cual indicaría que no existe falsificación de datos. En Ecuador no se ha realizado un tratamiento de los datos con esta metodología. Objetivo: Conocer si los datos proporcionados por el Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, con respecto a los casos confirmados con la COVID-19 por provincia de atención, se ajustan a la Ley de Newcomb-Benford.Material y métodos: Se utilizó la base de datos epidemiológicos del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, donde se aplicó la Ley de Newcomb-Benford a los datos epidemiológicos y luego se realizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de bondad de ajuste. Resultados: Se obtuvo un valor p de 0,872 que es mayor al valor de significancia α = 0,05 y un valor de Chi-cuadrado = 3,82722, que es menor al valor crítico de Chi-cuadrado 15,5073. Conclusión: Se aceptó la hipótesis nula, asumiendo que los datos epidemiológicos si se ajustan a la Ley de Newcomb-Benford y por ende no existiría datos falsificados.

Background: The epidemiological data of the COVID-19 from China, the United States, Sou-th Korea, England, Spain, Italy, Germany, Holland and Sweden are adjusted to the distribu-tion of the Newcomb-Benford Law, which would indicate that there is no falsification of data. In Ecuador, no data processing has been carried out with this methodology.Objective: To know if the data provided by the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador, with respect to the confirmed cases with the COVID-19 by province of care, are adjusted to New-comb-Benford Law.Material and methods: The epidemiological database of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador was used, where the Newcomb-Benford Law was applied to the epidemiological data and then the Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was performed.Results: A p value of 0.872 was obtained, which is greater than the significance va-lue α = 0.05 and a Chi-square value = 3.82722, which is less than the critical value of Chi-square 15.5073. Conclusion: The null hypothesis was accepted, if the epidemiological data do conform to the Newcomb-Benford Law and therefore there would be no falsified data.

Age-Specific Contribution to expected COVID-19 mortality in Argentina and Colombia / Contribución por grupos de edad a la mortalidad esperada por covid-19 en argentina y colombia

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la serie de posibles heterogeneidades que subyacen a la aparente similitud en ciertos indicadores no refinados de mortalidad por COVID-19 -como las tasas brutas de mortalidad o las muertes por millón de habitantes- en Argentina y Colombia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio en el que se utilizaron datos agregados de los informes diarios de vigilancia epidemiológica proporcionados por los ministerios de salud de Argentina y de Colombia, para explorar diferenciales en el nivel poblacional mediante el uso de técnicas clásicas de estandarización demográfica. RESULTADOS: Se detectó que el impacto de la mortalidad y la letalidad de casos es mayor en Colombia, debido a que tiene una estructura poblacional y de casos positivos de menor edad que Argentina. En especial, la mayoría de las diferencias entre países puede explicarse por ciertos grupos de edad. DISCUSIÓN: El hallazgo principal ha sido que la gran mayoría de las defunciones esperadas en Argentina y Colombia ocurrió en los grupos de 50 y de 80 años, lo que implica que el riesgo real de muerte para la población colombiana puede ser mayor que el observado para dichos grupos etarios.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to explore the series of possible heterogeneities that could be found beneath the apparent similarity in COVID-19 mortality indicators (such as crude death rates or deaths per million inhabitants) in Argentina and Colombia. METHODS: We performed a study using aggregate data of the epidemiological surveillance daily reports provided by the Health Ministry from Argentina and Colombia to explore differentials at a population level, by using classic demographic standardization techniques. RESULTS: We could identify that the impact of mortality and case fatality ratio is higher in Colombia, due to having a younger population structure and a younger positive cases age structure than Argentina. Specially, the largest contributions in mortality differentials across countries were found in some specific age groups. DISCUSSION: The main finding is that the majority of the difference in expected deaths between Colombia and Argentina was concentrated in the age groups that were between ages 50 and 80, which implies that mortality risks for the Colombian population may be higher than the ones observed for those ages.

Entre meio e fim: um caminho para o direito ao esporte / Between mean and end: a way to sport as a right

O esporte é um direito no cenário internacional e, no caso brasileiro, constitucional fruto de processos históricos de construção e disputa de narrativas. Ainda assim, há grandes desafios a serem superados para sua realização. Entre eles, estão as ambiguidades e tensões entre práticas discursivas distintas que o apresentam como uma atividade humana que é própria à realização do desenvolvimento ou como ferramenta de desenvolvimento. Neste ensaio, questionamos a retórica instrumental do esporte - o esporte-meio - que, a nosso ver, marginaliza e empobrece a experiência esportiva e, consequentemente, enfraquece-o como direito social. No lugar, argumentamos em favor do direito ao esporte como esporte-fim em que assegurá-lo pressupõe tornar as pessoas capazes de praticá-lo com liberdade e autodeterminação como experiência humana fundante de uma vida digna e boa.

Sport is a right on the international scene and, in the Brazilian case, constitutional, a result of historical processes of construction and dispute of narratives. Yet, there are great challenges to overcome for its realization. Among them, are the ambiguities and tensions between different discursive practices that present sport as a human activity that is the realization of development or as a tool for development. In this essay, we refute the instrumental rhetoric of sport - sport-as-mean - which, in our view, marginalizes and impoverishes the sporting experience and, consequently, weakens it as a social right. Instead, we argue in favor of the right to sport as sport-asan-end in which ensuring it presupposes making people capable of practicing it with freedom and self-determination as a fundamental human experience for a life worth living.

Bioinformática como recurso educativo para enseñar variabilidad genética mediante la comparación de mapas de restricción / Bioinformatics as an educational resource for teaching genetic variability by comparing restriction maps

Uno de los rasgos de la sociedad del siglo XXI es la incorporación de las TIC en la educación, las cuales pueden contribuir en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Sin embargo, el maestro es quien le dá el sentido pedagógico a estos recursos educativos. En ese sentido, las herramientas de la bioinformática pueden contribuir en la enseñan-za de temas complejos y abstractos con ejemplos concretos y sin necesidad de realizar prácticas de laboratorio que representen elevados costos económicos. Considerando lo anterior, en esta investigación se presenta el diseño de la guía "Análisis de la variabilidad genética en especies de Pseudomonas mediante comparación de los mapas de restricción del gen ptsN", que utilizó dos sitios web gratuitos y que muestra paso a paso la manera de realizarla. La guía se aplicó a 30 estudiantes de la asignatura "biología molecular" del período 2018-1 de la licenciatura en biología de la UPN. Para la recolección de la información que permitió evaluar el aprendizaje y conocer la percepción de los estudiantes respecto de la pertinencia y viabilidad del recurso educativo se emplearon un cuestionario y una encuesta estructurada. Después de trabajar con la guía, los estudiantes mostraron un progreso signifi cativo en sus bagajes cognitivo, conceptual y procedimental, hecho que se evidencia en las respuestas obtenidas mediante los instrumentos diseña-dos. Tras la experiencia, los estudiantes consideraron que la guía era apropiada y viable para enseñar variabilidad genética. Adicionalmente, se hizo evidente que sí es posible diseñar actividades contextualizadas a bajo costo.

One of the features of the 21st century society is the incorporation of ICT in education, which can contribute to the teaching-learning processes. However, it is the teacher who gives the pedagogical meaning to these educational resources. In this sense, bioinformatics tools can contribute to the teaching of complex and abstract topics with concrete examples and without the need for laboratory practices that represent high economic costs. Considering the above, this research presents the design of the guide "Analysis of genetic variability in Pseudomonas species by comparison of restriction maps of the ptsN gene", which used two free websites and shows step by step how to perform it. The guide was applied to 30 students of the subject "molecular biology" of the period 2018-1 of the bachelor's degree in biology at UPN. A questionnaire and a structured survey were used to collect information to evaluate learning and to know the students' perception of the relevance and feasibility of the educational resource. After working with the guide, students showed signifi cant progress in their cognitive, conceptual and procedural baggage, as evidenced by the answers obtained through the designed instruments. After the experience, the students considered that the guide was appropriate and viable for teaching genetic variability. Additionally, it became evident that it is possible to design contextualized activities at low cost.

Hipertensión arterial e insuficiencia cardíaca: Innovaciones terapéuticas

Alrededor de un tercio de los adultos en la mayoría de las comunidades presentan hipertensión arterial (HTA). En Argentina, los registros denotan una prevalencia del 33,5%; donde el 44,6% son hombres y el 25,9% son mujeres. Se estima que un tercio de la población con HTA desconoce que la padece y la mitad se encuentra bajo tratamiento antihipertensivo; pero sólo la cuarta parte está bien controlada. Por otro lado la epidemia de insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) alcanza aproximadamente los 61 millones de individuos a nivel mundial, y se encuentra estrechamente relacionada con la HTA, siendo ésta la principal etiología sobre todo en Europa y Estados Unidos. De aquí surge el vínculo entre ambas entidades, ya muy conocidas y con fármacos avalados para su tratamiento hace ya mucho tiempo. Tanto la HTA como la IC (sea con fracción de eyección preservada o reducida) son patologías muy vinculadas y prevalentes en todas las comunidades. Los últimos avances en investigación nos llevan a plantearnos que a mayor reducción de los valores de presión arterial, se generan una cascada de mecanismos beneficiosos para el sistema cardiovascular que conllevan beneficios clínicos francos. Ahora bien, ¿existen nuevas terapéuticas que puedan encausar el rumbo de estos pacientes o sólo existen nuevos y más estrictos objetivos con los fármacos que previamente conocíamos?

About a third of adults in most communities have high blood pressure (HBP). In Argentina the records show a prevalence of 33.5%; where 44.6% are men and 25.9% are women. It is estimated that a third of the population with HBP is unaware that they suffer from it and half are under antihypertensive treatment; but only a quarter is well controlled. On the other hand, the epidemic of heart failure (HF) reaches approximately 61 million individuals worldwide, and is closely related to hypertension, this being the main etiology, especially in Europe and the United States. From here arises the link between both entities, already well known and with drugs endorsed for their treatment for a long time. Both HBP and HF (whether with preserved or reduced ejection fraction) are highly linked and prevalent pathologies in all communities. The latest advances in research lead us to consider that the greater the reduction in blood pressure values, a cascade of beneficial mechanisms for the cardiovascular system are generated that lead to frank clinical benefits. Now, are there new therapies that can guide the course of these patients or are there only new and stricter objectives with the drugs that we previously knew?

Cerca de um terço dos adultos na maioria das comunidades tem hipertensão arterial (HTA). Na Argentina, os registros mostram uma prevalência de 33,5%; onde 44,6% são homens e 25,9% são mulheres. Estima-se que um terço da população com HTA desconhece que a sofre e metade está em tratamento anti-hipertensivo; mas apenas um quarto está bem controlado. Por outro lado, a epidemia de insuficiência cardíaca (IC) atinge cerca de 61 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, e está intimamente relacionada à hipertensão, sendo esta a principal etiologia, principalmente na Europa e nos Estados Unidos. Daqui surge o vínculo entre as duas entidades, já bastante conhecidas e com medicamentos há muito endossados para o seu tratamento. Tanto a HTA quanto a HF (seja com fração de ejeção preservada ou reduzida) são patologias altamente vinculadas e prevalentes em todas as comunidades. Os últimos avanços nas pesquisas nos levam a considerar que quanto maior a redução dos valores da pressão arterial, gera-se uma cascata de mecanismos benéficos para o sistema cardiovascular que levam a francos benefícios clínicos. Agora, ¿existem novas terapias que podem orientar o curso desses pacientes ou existem apenas alvos novos e mais rígidos com medicamentos que conhecíamos anteriormente?

Bem-estar relacionado ao trabalho: análise de conceitos e medidas / Work-related well-being: analysis of concepts and measures / Bienestar relacionado al trabajo: análisis de conceptos y medidas

O bem-estar relacionado ao trabalho vem recebendo cada vez mais interesse no campo de estudos e intervenção da Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar conceitual e empiricamente como o fenômeno "bem-estar relacionado ao trabalho" está sendo abordado no estado da arte no Brasil, buscando identificar sobreposições e/ou os limites entre diferentes medidas do construto. Concluiu-se que existem diversas nomenclaturas para se referir ao conceito e que uma mesma nomenclatura é usada para traduzir definições diferentes. Ainda há autores que utilizam o termo a partir de uma perspectiva negativa, bem como há os que utilizam fenômenos correlatos como sinônimos de bem-estar. Das oito medidas encontradas, verificou-se que a proposta por Paschoal e Tamayo apresentou vantagens em termos conceituais e empíricos, estando em consonância com o movimento recente do campo de junção das duas bases teóricas clássicas utilizadas na compreensão deste fenômeno.

Work-related well-being has been receiving increasing interest in the Organizational and Work Psychology's field of study and intervention. The objective of this article was to analyze conceptually and empirically how the phenomenon "work-related well-being" is being approached in the state of the art in Brazil, seeking to identify overlaps and/or limits between different measures of the construct. It was concluded that there are several nomenclatures to refer to the concept and that the same nomenclature is used to translate different definitions. There are still authors who use the term from a negative perspective, as well as there are those who use related phenomena as synonyms of well-being. From the eight measures found, the proposal by Paschoal and Tamayo presented advantages in conceptual and empirical terms, being in consonance with the recent movement of the field of junction of the two classical theoretical bases used in the understanding of this phenomenon.

El bienestar relacionado con el trabajo recibe cada vez más interés en el campo de los estudios y la intervención en Psicología Organizacional y del Trabajo. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar conceptual y empíricamente cómo se está abordando el fenómeno del "bienestar laboral" en el estado del arte en Brasil, buscando identificar solapamientos y/o límites entre diferentes medidas de constructo. Se concluyó que existen varias nomenclaturas para referirse al concepto y que la misma nomenclatura se usa para traducir diferentes definiciones. Todavía hay autores que usan el término desde una perspectiva negativa, así como aquellos que usan fenómenos relacionados como sinónimos de bienestar. A partir de las ocho medidas encontradas, se verificó que la propuesta de Paschoal y Tamayo presentaba ventajas en términos conceptuales y empíricos, en línea con el movimiento reciente del campo de unión de las dos bases teóricas clásicas que se utilizan en la comprensión de este fenómeno.

The influence of meteorological variables on the oviposition dynamics of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in four environmentally distinct areas in northeast Brazil

BACKGROUND Fluctuations in climate have been associated with variations in mosquito abundance. OBJECTIVES To analyse the influence of precipitation, temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and humidity on the oviposition dynamics of Aedes aegypti in three distinct environmental areas (Brasília Teimosa, Morro da Conceição/Alto José do Pinho and Dois Irmãos/Pintos) of the city of Recife and the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago northeastern Brazil. METHODS Time series study using a database of studies previously carried out in the areas. The eggs were collected using spatially distributed geo-referenced sentinel ovitraps (S-OVTs). Meteorological satellite data were obtained from the IRI climate data library. The association between meteorological variables and egg abundance was analysed using autoregressive models. FINDINGS Precipitation was positively associated with egg abundance in three of the four study areas with a lag of one month. Higher humidity (β = 45.7; 95% CI: 26.3 - 65.0) and lower wind speed (β = −125.2; 95% CI: −198.8 - −51.6) were associated with the average number of eggs in the hill area. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The effect of climate variables on oviposition varied according to local environmental conditions. Precipitation was a main predictor of egg abundance in the study settings.

The development of categorisation and conceptual thinking in early childhood: methods and limitations

Abstract We present a systematic and qualitative review of academic literature on early conceptual development (0-24 months of age), with an emphasis on methodological aspects. The final sample of our review included 281 studies reported in 115 articles. The main aims of the article were four: first, to organise studies into sets according to methodological similarities and differences; second, to elaborate on the methodological procedures that characterise each set; third, to circumscribe the empirical indicators that different sets of studies consider as proof of the existence of concepts in early childhood; last, to identify methodological limitations and to propose possible ways to overcome them. We grouped the studies into five sets: preference and habituation experiments , category extension tasks , object sorting tasks , sequential touching tasks and object examination tasks . In the "Results" section, we review the core features of each set of studies. In the "Discussion" and "Conclusions" sections, we describe, for one thing, the most relevant methodological shortcomings. We end by arguing that a situated, semiotic and pragmatic perspective that emphasises the importance of ecological validity could open up new avenues of research to better understand the development of concepts in early childhood.

Leptospirosis, a clinical update regarding a neglected infectious disease

Leptospirosis is one of the neglected infectious diseases locally widespread and extremely significant in tropical areas due to its great epidemic potential. It is a worldwide public health problem in view of the emergence and reemergence of the disease due to lack of sanitation and negligence, among other factors. In fact, leptospirosis infects more than 1 million people per year, resulting in almost 60,000 deaths. Human infection generally takes place after skin exposure to soil and/or water contaminated with urine of chronically infected mammals. The clinical presentations of the disease vary from a slight fever, goosebumps and flu-like symptoms to the acute forms of the disease. Understanding the main aspects of the disease is paramount due to the many unspecific signs and symptoms as well as frequently mistaken diagnosis. In this article, we discuss the epidemiological, immunopathogenic, clinical and prophylactic aspects of this condition with the purpose of clarifying an up to date panorama of the subject.

Ideologia como estratégia de colonização da subjetividade na sociedade capitalista contemporânea / Ideology as a strategy of the colonization of the subjectivity in the contemporary capitalist society

O conceito de ideologia tem incitado diversas polêmicas e interpretações em torno de seu uso. Como resultado, há uma tendência à neutralização e ao abandono do termo. Dessa maneira, a fim de ler e interpretar a compreensão acerca do conceito de ideologia presente nos discursos, este artigo visa a resgatar o caráter crítico do conceito de ideologia a partir de uma aproximação entre a psicanálise e o marxismo. A ideologia, nessa perspectiva teórica, torna-se uma estratégia de colonização da subjetividade em uma sociedade capitalista e que, portanto, traz sofrimento para as pessoas. A partir das contribuições de autores como Ernesto Laclau, busca-se também analisar como a ideologia se manifesta na linguagem ao produzir engodo e distanciamento entre o pensamento e a realidade material que organiza o ser social. Dessa maneira, a ideologia opera na produção de uma fantasia que acoberta a impossibilidade de plenitude em que todos estariam representados pelo capitalismo.

The concept of ideology, historically, hás created several polemics and interpretations around its use. In this way, there was a tendency towards its neutralization and abandonment. This present article aim storescuethe critical character of this concept. For thus, we Will based in the theoretical study about this theme to fulfil of reading and interpreting the ideology in the discourses as of articulation between Psychoanalysis and Marxism. In this theoretical approach, we Will see that the ideology becomes a strategy of colonization of the subjectivity in the capitalist society and, therefore, produce suffering to the people. Based on the contributions as Ernesto Laclau, it was possible to analyse as the ideology manifest it self in language, producing mistakes and distance of the thought to the material reality that organizes the social being. Thus, the ideology operates in the production of fantasy that covers the impossibility of fullness in which everybody would be represented in the capitalism

Aproximações entre a psicologia analítica e a transdisciplinaridade: as pontes de afinidades / Approaches between analytical psychology and transdisciplinarity: the affinity bridges / Aproximaciones entre la psicología analítica y la transdisciplinariedad: los puentes de afinidades

O presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar as relações entre a Psicologia Analítica de C. G. Jung e a transdisciplinaridade, a partir da noção de pontes de afinidades. Trata-se de trabalho teórico que analisa a prática desenvolvida pelo médico suíço de busca pelas afinidades entre sintomas em quadros psicopatológicos de difícil compreensão. Para tanto, uma revisão de literatura com base nas Obras Completas de C. G. Jung foi feita, na qual recuperamos o modo como Jung utilizara as noções de arquétipo, instinto e amplificação e pudemos perceber traços do que pode ser considerada uma atitude transdisciplinar quando observadas pelo viés das diretrizes traçadas na Carta da Transdisciplinaridade.

The aim of this article is to discuss the relationships between Analytical Psychology of C. G. Jung and transdisciplinarity, through the notion of affinity bridges. This theoretical work analyzes the practice developed by the Swiss doctor, searching for the affinities between symptoms in some psychopathological conditions that are difficult to understand. In order to do so, a literature review based on the Collected Works of C. G. Jung was done in which we recovered the way Jung had used the notions of Archetype, instinct and Amplification and we could perceive traces of what can be considered a transdisciplinary attitude when observed through the guidelines outlined in the Letter of Transdisciplinarity.

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo abordar las relaciones entre la Psicología Analítica de C. G. Jung y la transdisciplinariedad, a partir de la noción de puentes de afinidades. Se trata de trabajo teórico que analiza la práctica desarrollada por el médico suizo, de búsqueda por las afinidades entre síntomas en cuadros psicopatológicos de difícil comprensión. Así, fue hecha una revisión de literatura basada en la Obra Completa de C. G. Jung en que recuperamos el modo como Jung utilizaba las nociones de Arquetipo, instinto y Amplificación y pudimos percibir rastros de lo que puede ser considerada una actitud transdisciplinaria cuando observadas por el sesgo de las directrices trazadas en la Carta de la Transdisciplinariedad.